It’s common to develop bumps on or around the eyelids, but it can be difficult to know exactly what they are or the best way to treat them. These bumps often appear as small white or yellow raised spots, and are often the result of two easily confused but distinct conditions: milia and xanthelasma.
The conditions are harmless in themselves, but some people prefer to cover the spots for aesthetic reasons, or opt for treatment. Here’s a look at the main differences between them, and the best treatments available for each condition. At our skin clinic in Birmingham, we provide safe and effective milia removal.
What is milia?
Milia is characterised by small white or yellow spots or cysts that often appear on the eyelids and around the eyes, but they can appear on other parts of the face. Milia is the plural term for the cysts, and an individual cyst is called a milium. Colloquially, they can be called milk spots or oil seeds.
What causes milia?
Milia is caused by trapped dead skin cells beneath the surface of the skin that form cysts. In infants, it can be present at birth, known as primary milia, and will naturally clear up in a few weeks.
Milia can be present in children, or the condition can emerge in later life. Secondary milia can appear after trauma to the skin, such as burns, blisters, or sun exposure, or as a result of using heavy emollients. The raised spots can appear in clusters, and are not painful, but occasionally they may be itchy.
The condition is not contagious, and will not cause any harm to health.
How is milia treated?
Milia is not regarded as a medical problem, so treatment is purely for cosmetic reasons. It is understandable to want a clear and healthy looking complexion, and the condition can be difficult to disguise with makeup.
At our skin clinic, we offer a range of professional treatments for removing milia, from microneedling to laser therapy, and advanced facials. We will be happy to arrange a consultation so we can discuss the best options for you.
What is xanthelasma?
Xanthelasma is a raised patch of yellowish skin that typically appears on the eyelids or the bridge of the nose. The bumps are larger than milia cysts, and may grow larger over time. They are more yellow in colour and can be soft or firm to the touch. It’s more common in middle-aged and older people.
What causes xanthelasma?
Xanthelasma is caused by cholesterol deposits that build up underneath the skin. It can feel uncomfortable, and it can also be a sign of a more serious medical condition, such as high cholesterol, diabetes, or high blood pressure. It’s also associated with a higher risk of heart disease and atherosclerosis.
It’s more common in women; people who are overweight or obese; who smoke; have diabetes or high cholesterol; or who have high blood pressure. The condition may sometimes be caused by a thyroid problem, overconsumption of alcohol, or inflammation.
How is xanthelasma treated?
It is strongly advisable to see a doctor if you think you might have xanthelasma, because it can be a symptom of a more serious underlying medical condition that requires urgent treatment. The doctor will carry out a range of tests and recommend a suitable cause of action. They may prescribe statins to lower cholesterol, for example.
Xanthelasma will not clear up on its own, but it may be possible to prevent it worsening with a healthy low-fat diet and regular exercise. The bumps themselves are not regarded as a medically serious issue, so it is unlikely that your doctor will recommend a removal treatment.
However, many people feel self-conscious about the problem and understandably want to remove the yellow bumps. It should not be attempted with any home treatments, as this can lead to scarring and even permanent damage to the skin.
A professional cosmetic skin clinic may recommend liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, which freezes the fatty deposits to shrink or remove them completely. Other possible treatments may include laser treatments or chemical peels. Please call us for a chat or book a consultation if you would like further information about removal options.
So, to round up the main differences between milia and xanthelasma: milia is a usually harmless condition that may clear up over time. It can also be removed with cosmetic skincare procedures. Xanthelasma may be the sign of an underlying condition so it’s best to consult a medical professional for further advice.
