Acne is a common problem for teenagers, because it can be triggered by hormonal changes such as an increase in testosterone during puberty. Young people are often told that they will grow out of it, but frustratingly, acne can persist into adulthood. This is particularly true for women. Here’s a look at why this is the case, and how it can be treated.
Understanding hormonal acne
The NHS explains that women are more likely to have acne into adulthood due to hormonal fluctuations. Female hormones such as progesterone, oestrogen and smaller amounts of testosterone can trigger an excess of sebum production, which combines with dead skin cells and bacteria on the surface of the skin and clogs hair follicles.
This can result in blackheads, whiteheads, pustules, or cysts that commonly appear on the chin and jawline, but can also affect the chest, neck, back, and forehead. More severe acne can result in scars that linger even when the acne has cleared up, and this can cause psychological distress.
Common hormonal acne triggers
Adult female acne is often linked to the menstrual cycle, as many women notice breakouts when their progesterone levels are higher in the week before their period is due. The condition can also get worse during pregnancy, most often during the first few months as hormone levels increase.
A condition called polycystic ovary syndrome can also trigger acne because it leads to higher levels of testosterone. Fluctuating hormonal levels during the perimenopause and menopause, as oestrogen levels fall and androgens rise, can also lead to acne.
Non-hormonal acne triggers
Acne can be made worse by using certain cosmetic products, particularly heavy moisturisers or rich hair conditioners, or by not thoroughly washing off makeup before going to bed. Some women find that certain foods such as sugar or dairy products make their acne worse, but there is currently not enough conclusive evidence to support this.
Acne can also be triggered by stress, because it increases the level of hormones that stimulate oil production.
How can hormonal acne be treated?
There are many treatment options, from acne facials to medications. It’s never a one size fits all solution, so be persistent and try a few different approaches if a treatment isn’t working for you. Persistent hormonal acne may be treated with the contraceptive pill, which regulates hormone production.
Doctors may also recommend making lifestyle changes, such as managing stress levels, eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, and limiting alcohol intake.
For women who have acne scarring, treatment will not usually be available on the NHS as it’s considered to be a cosmetic issue. However, it can be a distressing problem that leads to a lack of confidence in personal and professional situations.
Acne scars can often be treated with laser light therapy or chemical peels that reduce redness and smooth the surface of the skin.
